Smoking Cigarettes Essay - 2823 Words

Smoking The first article for review is titled Self-efficacy, Health Locus of Control, and Smoking. This article studies how the participants confidence levels and health locus prior to entering treatment predicts results of the quitting program. The program is called quot;Fresh Startquot; and was conducted in Victoria, Australia. It consisted of three groups: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(A) those who made an attempt (Stop for one day), nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(B) those who met criteria in A, and did not smoke for duration of program, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(C) those who abstained for six months.†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Boredom Susceptibility subscale (BS) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the evaluation of multiple questionnaires was completed, results of the subscale analysis was as follows: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(a)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Smokers score higher in sensation seeking regardless of sex, than non- smokers. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(b)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women scored higher scores than men in the ES subscale (trend). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(c)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Men scored higher on AIS and TAS scale than women. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;(d)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ES and BS subscales had a significant main effect for smoking status. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This study concludes by showing quot;that smokers score higher on measures of sensation seeking than do non-smokersquot; (p. 224). This aids the belief that sensation seekers may be more open to become dependant on smoking, as opposed to those who score low on sensation seeking activities. Finally, women scoring higher on the ES subscale, was attributed to mass media and emerging cultural trends that have luredShow MoreRelatedThe Smoking Of Cigarette Smoking855 Words   |  4 Pageschild as well. What a mother ingests is what her growing fetus ingests through her umbilical cord; the life line from the mother to the precious innocent life she holds so dear. The goal of this paper is to give some insight on the use of cigarette smoking in pregnancy. Let’s begin with a short history of what was previously called Nicotiana. Today it is known to humans as Tobacco. Tobacco has been in existence prior to Pre-Columbian America (900 – 1500) when it was first discovered as an herbRead MoreSmoking Cigarettes791 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Smoking Cigarettes Should be Illegal Smoking cigarettes should be illegal due to the vast amount of annual deaths it causes. Smoking produces 10 times the amount of pollution that a diesel car exhaust would. This shows that not only are humans and animals affected by smoking, our environment is greatly damaged by the amount of pollution smoking creates. Smoking is something that people usually get addicted to, like a drug.This drug can cause many diseases such as lung cancer. Not only can itRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cigarette Smoking Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pages People smoke cigarettes for various reasons. Some smoke only when they are drinking alcohol and others smoke regularly. The level of smoking among the regular smokers varies from individual to individual. There are those who smoke a cigarette or two during the day and their others who smoke at least a pack a day. How people start to smoke varies. The main entry point however is peer pressure. Many smokers came to be introduced to the habit at a young age in either high school or in college or toRead MoreElectronic Cigarettes And Cigarette Smoking774 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco cigarette smoking includes various physical associations such as hand and mouth motions, suckling, and taking cigarette breaks (Oh Kacker, 2014). According to Patrounova, 2015, in comparison to other forms of nicotine replacement therapies, Electronic cigarettes satisfy smokers’ needs to fulfill certain smoking rituals. 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In America yearly, more than 480,000 deaths occur due to cigarette smoking; within those numbers more than 41,000 deaths are due to inhalation of second hand smoke. As we progress and advertisement for the serious complications of cigarette smoking continues to increase our world begins to show a decline in the amount of cigarette smokers. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states that there hasRead MoreSmoking Vs Cigarette Smoking1802 Words   |  8 PagesSmoker vs. Non-Smoker: Evaluating The Effects of Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. The use of tobacco products such as cigars, pipes, hookahs, bidis, and kreteks have proven to develop various health effects. It has been linked to the following medical conditions: †¢ Aortic aneurysms †¢ bronchitis †¢ cancer of the lip or mouth †¢ cancer of the stomach †¢ cancer of the urinary bladder †¢ cervical cancer †¢ emphysema †¢ esophagus (food pipe) †¢ heartRead MoreThe Dangers of Cigarette Smoking1040 Words   |  5 PagesCigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that most users regret starting on. Nowadays, smoking can cause health problems for any human. Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Some people think that smoking cigarettes are a helpful way to reduce stress for the moment. In my point of view, tobacco smoking has seriously negative effects such as smoking-related cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and it costsRead MoreThe Dangers Of Smoking Cigarettes786 Words   |  4 PagesDangers of Smoking Cigarettes are everywhere. They’re sold in almost every gas station, pharmaceutical store, and even ordinary grocery stores in the United States. Cigarettes have endorsements from celebrities, big tobacco companies, advertised on billboards, and through commercials. Smoking is a problem because it causes diseases which cost billions of dollars a year in healthcare. It is also the leading cause of diseases and deaths in the US. Smoking cigarettes is an unhealthy habit that unfortunelyRead MoreEssay On Cigarette Smoking1268 Words   |  6 PagesCigarette smoking is something people all over the world have been doing for about 2000 years. Back in 2003, the first electronic cigarette was successfully created by a gentleman named Hon Lik. Lik was a 52 year old pharmacist at the time, whom of which was also a smoker. The inspiration behind making the electronic cigarette came after Lik’s father passed away from lung cancer due to him also being a heavy smoker. â€Å"A Hist orical Timeline of Electronic Cigarettes.† cassia.org. Consumer Advocates

Macbeth Who Made Choices Essay - 714 Words

Toby Zeng 3/2/15 English 2 Macbeth Essay Who Made Choices? In the eyes of the world, Lady Macbeth was the devil incarnate with a vicious heart. People think Macbeth killed all of those innocent people because Lady Macbeth compelled him to do that. However, I state that Macbeth made his own choices. Lady Macbeth just made it faster to happen. Lady Macbeth had power first, then Mcbeth took it. After that, they lost their power in the end of play. We can see that their struggle for power shifted throughout the play. The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth can be broken into three different periods. The first period was made up of Lady Macbeth from Act 1 and Act 2. Lady Macbeth was viewed as very controlling, strong. She had all the power. The second one is from Act 3 and Act 4. In those two acts Lady Macbeth’s weaknesses were coming through. Macbeth took her power.The last one is from Act 5, Lady Macbeth felt guilty. She was sleepwalking and talking weird. Macbeth was scared too. No one had power at this time. Lady Macbeth definitely had all the power between her and her husband in Act 1 and Act 2. On page 21 Lady Macbeth said â€Å"Come, you spirits.That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full. Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood.† That shows Lady Macbeth thought she was a woman but she can still kill people like men. This monologue shows how strong and evil Lady Macbeth was. ItShow MoreRelatedMacbeth - Fate or Choice?1457 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Throughout the ages it is believed fate, by some uncontrollable force, has the power to forge ones destiny. The outcome of a persons choices is controlled by the way in which they are fated to occur. However, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. 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(William Jennings Bryan) Are we in control of our own destiny, our own fate, or are our lives really already planned and mapped out for us? Does Macbeth willfully choose evil in order to achieve his destiny? Or, is his destiny doomed by the witches prophecies? Macbeth may not have made any of his same choices, if the threeRead MoreLifes Choices in William Shakespeares Macbeth and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein789 Words   |  4 PagesLifes Choices in William Shakespeares Macbeth and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein The choices we make in life can change our lives forever. Throughout the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare and the novel Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley we learn how the choices made can change peoples lives forever. 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These heroes700 Words   |  3 Pageshero is a character of noble beginnings who is doomed and destined for defeat, downfall or suffering. Macbeth is the perfect example of a tragic hero because he embodies all these traits and characteristics. Through his actions in the drama Macbeth, Macbeth epitomizes the classic example of a tragic hero. Macbeth initially only has one trait of a tragic hero which was his noble beginnings fighting for King Duncan. The major contributions that cause d Macbeth to become a tragic hero were the interventionRead MoreMacbeth Seminar Prep654 Words   |  3 Pages Macbeth Seminar Prep 1. Macbeth’s tragic flaws and formation of catharsis are justifications of why Macbeth is a tragic hero in Shakespeares play Macbeth, instead of being a monster. The primary flaw Macbeth has as a character consists of him overtrusting people’s judgement, including the witches. The witches predict that Macbeth will become king and he believes that he will get the throne: â€Å" ‘This have I thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness; that thou might’st notRead MoreMacbeth: Fate vs. Free Will1718 Words   |  7 Pagesforce, the outcome of a person’s choices is controlled by the way in which they are destined to occur. On the other hand though, some believe these choices can defy fate and that fate only manipulates ones mind into choosing their own path. One question that seemed to pop into my head through out this play was whether individuals were victims of fate or their I own choices, or if each aspect plays a significant part in determining their destiny. In the play Macbeth, William Shakespeare plays around

Marginal Revenue and Profit Free Essays

?In order for a company to be able to reach its full potential financial management must be in place. This management needs to be aware of at least the basics of financial plans which are revenue, cost and profit. These three things can make or break a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Marginal Revenue and Profit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of these things must be understood and considered before plans can be laid to create or better a company. Revenue is the amount a company receives (Marginal Revenue, 2009). If a company is in the business of sales, revenue is the amount of money the company receives per unit sold. Marginal revenue is the amount of money a company receives for the last unit sold. This is found by dividing the change in revenue by the change in quantity sold. For companies that compete with one another marginal revenue is not very important. This is because in a competitive environment most products are sold at a set price so that marginal revenue is equal to the set sales price of the product. For a monopoly on the other hand, marginal revenue is very important. Monopolies have a decreasing marginal revenue curve (marginal Revenue, 2009); for a monopoly the marginal revenue is less than the sales price. This is because a monopoly must have a lower sales price in order to increase the amount of product sold. Total cost is the amount of money it costs to operate at a particular rate of production (Baker, 2000). There are two types of cost: variable and fixed. Fixed costs are those that remain the same regardless of production and variable costs are those that change with production. Marginal cost is the addition either to total cost or total variable cost resulting from one more unit of output (McConnall Brue, 2008). Usually this is found by dividing the change in total cost by the change in quantity. Profit is the positive gain from an investment or business operation after subtracting expenses (Profit, 2009). Profit maximization is the idea that people will try to create as high a profit as possible given the circumstances. Since marginal revenue is the amount of revenue an additional unit will bring in and marginal cost is the amount the additional unit will cost to produce, then profit maximization is the point where marginal cost and marginal revenue are equal (Profit Maximization, 2009). So as long as marginal cost is lower than marginal revenue there is profit, but if marginal cost ever exceeds marginal revenue the last unit should not be produced. If the marginal revenue is higher than the marginal cost, the company can produce more units. Business owners and managers need to be able to make a profit. Whenever people think of profit, they are aware that profit is the amount of money left after the expenses are paid and most people know the greater the profit the better off they will be. Most people do not know that profit maximization requires the knowledge of marginal cost and marginal revenue. In order to determine when a company is no longer profiting from production of extra units, one must know that profit maximization is the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Refernces (2009). Marginal revenue: Fundamental finance. Retrieved July 16, 2009, from fundamentalfinance. com Web site: http://economics. fundamentalfinance. com/micro_revenue. php Baker, S. (2000). Cost concepts. Retrieved July 16, 2009, from Economics interactive tutorial Web site: http://hspm. sph. sc. edu/COURSES/ECON/Cost/Cost. html (2009). Profit. Retrieved July 16, 2009, from investorwords. com Web site: http://www. investorwords. com/3880/profit. html Profit Maximization. Retrieved July 16, 2009, Web site: http://www. econ. ilstu. edu/ntskaggs/eco105/readings/profit-max. htm McConnell, C. , Brue, S. (2008). Microeconomics 17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. How to cite Marginal Revenue and Profit, Papers